Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective.
Identifieur interne : 000B60 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000B59; suivant : 000B61Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective.
Auteurs : George W. Booz [États-Unis] ; Raffaele Altara [Norvège] ; Ali H. Eid [Liban] ; Zena Wehbe ; Souha Fares [Liban] ; Hassan Zaraket [Liban] ; Nada J. Habeichi [France] ; Fouad A. Zouein [Liban]Source :
- European journal of pharmacology [ 1879-0712 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused worldwide death and economic destruction. The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. At present, scientists are exploring various approaches to curb this pandemic and alleviate its health consequences, while racing to develop a vaccine. A particularly insidious aspect of COVID-19 is the delayed overactivation of the body's immune system that is manifested as the cytokine storm. This unbridled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly or indirectly cause massive organ damage and failure. Systemic vascular endothelial inflammation and thrombocytopenia are potential consequences as well. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferons, and CXCL10 (IP-10). Various biopharmaceuticals are being repurposed to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the rationale for activating the macrophage alpha 7 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173547
PubMed: 32919938
Affiliations:
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Booz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altara, Raffaele" sort="Altara, Raffaele" uniqKey="Altara R" first="Raffaele" last="Altara">Raffaele Altara</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eid, Ali H" sort="Eid, Ali H" uniqKey="Eid A" first="Ali H" last="Eid">Ali H. Eid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wehbe, Zena" sort="Wehbe, Zena" uniqKey="Wehbe Z" first="Zena" last="Wehbe">Zena Wehbe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Beirut Lebanon</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fares, Souha" sort="Fares, Souha" uniqKey="Fares S" first="Souha" last="Fares">Souha Fares</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaraket, Hassan" sort="Zaraket, Hassan" uniqKey="Zaraket H" first="Hassan" last="Zaraket">Hassan Zaraket</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habeichi, Nada J" sort="Habeichi, Nada J" uniqKey="Habeichi N" first="Nada J" last="Habeichi">Nada J. Habeichi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; INSERM Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S1180, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; INSERM Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S1180, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Châtenay-Malabry</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Châtenay-Malabry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zouein, Fouad A" sort="Zouein, Fouad A" uniqKey="Zouein F" first="Fouad A" last="Zouein">Fouad A. Zouein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: fz15@aub.edu.lb.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European journal of pharmacology</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-0712</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">COVID-19 has caused worldwide death and economic destruction. The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. At present, scientists are exploring various approaches to curb this pandemic and alleviate its health consequences, while racing to develop a vaccine. A particularly insidious aspect of COVID-19 is the delayed overactivation of the body's immune system that is manifested as the cytokine storm. This unbridled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly or indirectly cause massive organ damage and failure. Systemic vascular endothelial inflammation and thrombocytopenia are potential consequences as well. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferons, and CXCL10 (IP-10). Various biopharmaceuticals are being repurposed to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the rationale for activating the macrophage alpha 7 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32919938</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-0712</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European journal of pharmacology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur. J. Pharmacol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>173547</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0014-2999(20)30639-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173547</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>COVID-19 has caused worldwide death and economic destruction. The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. At present, scientists are exploring various approaches to curb this pandemic and alleviate its health consequences, while racing to develop a vaccine. A particularly insidious aspect of COVID-19 is the delayed overactivation of the body's immune system that is manifested as the cytokine storm. This unbridled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly or indirectly cause massive organ damage and failure. Systemic vascular endothelial inflammation and thrombocytopenia are potential consequences as well. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferons, and CXCL10 (IP-10). Various biopharmaceuticals are being repurposed to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the rationale for activating the macrophage alpha 7 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Booz</LastName><ForeName>George W</ForeName><Initials>GW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Altara</LastName><ForeName>Raffaele</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eid</LastName><ForeName>Ali H</ForeName><Initials>AH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wehbe</LastName><ForeName>Zena</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fares</LastName><ForeName>Souha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zaraket</LastName><ForeName>Hassan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Habeichi</LastName><ForeName>Nada J</ForeName><Initials>NJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon; INSERM Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S1180, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zouein</LastName><ForeName>Fouad A</ForeName><Initials>FA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: fz15@aub.edu.lb.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Eur J Pharmacol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>1254354</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0014-2999</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Biologicals</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokine storm</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Immunomodulation therapy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Immunopharmacology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Macrophage activation syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemic</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>28</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32919938</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0014-2999(20)30639-7</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173547</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>Liban</li><li>Norvège</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Østlandet</li></region><settlement><li>Oslo</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Wehbe, Zena" sort="Wehbe, Zena" uniqKey="Wehbe Z" first="Zena" last="Wehbe">Zena Wehbe</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Booz, George W" sort="Booz, George W" uniqKey="Booz G" first="George W" last="Booz">George W. Booz</name></noRegion></country><country name="Norvège"><region name="Østlandet"><name sortKey="Altara, Raffaele" sort="Altara, Raffaele" uniqKey="Altara R" first="Raffaele" last="Altara">Raffaele Altara</name></region></country><country name="Liban"><noRegion><name sortKey="Eid, Ali H" sort="Eid, Ali H" uniqKey="Eid A" first="Ali H" last="Eid">Ali H. Eid</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fares, Souha" sort="Fares, Souha" uniqKey="Fares S" first="Souha" last="Fares">Souha Fares</name><name sortKey="Zaraket, Hassan" sort="Zaraket, Hassan" uniqKey="Zaraket H" first="Hassan" last="Zaraket">Hassan Zaraket</name><name sortKey="Zouein, Fouad A" sort="Zouein, Fouad A" uniqKey="Zouein F" first="Fouad A" last="Zouein">Fouad A. Zouein</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Habeichi, Nada J" sort="Habeichi, Nada J" uniqKey="Habeichi N" first="Nada J" last="Habeichi">Nada J. 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